Richard Harris agreed to star in Sam Peckinpah's Major Dundee (1965) in December 1963 whilst still in the middle of making this film. Harris walked off Michelangelo Antonioni's film as it went further behind schedule to ensure that he did not miss Major Dundee's start date of 5 February 1964. Harris said that Il deserto rosso (1964) had to be completed without him and a double was used for his character in some of the long shots.
David Hemmings claims in his autobiography that Richard Harris was kicked off the film after he punched Antonioni and that the scenes that were still to be completed were done with another actor who was photographed from behind. Hemmings was apparently told this when Harris warned him about Antonioni when Hemmings was working on Blowup (1966).
Ever the perfectionist, Michelangelo Antonioni had the natural landscape painted and smoke tinted yellow to "reinforce the sense of desolation, of death".